The Socket instance (server-side)

A Socket is the fundamental class for interacting with the client. It inherits all the methods of the Node.js EventEmitter, like emit, on, once or removeListener.

Besides:

• emitting and listening to events
• broadcasting events
• joining and leaving rooms

The Socket instance has a few attributes that may be of use in your application:

Socket#id

Each new connection is assigned a random 20-characters identifier.

This identifier is synced with the value on the client-side.

// server-sideio.on("connection", (socket) => {  console.log(socket.id); // ojIckSD2jqNzOqIrAGzL});
// client-sidesocket.on("connect", () => {  console.log(socket.id); // ojIckSD2jqNzOqIrAGzL});

Upon creation, the Socket joins the room identified by its own id, which means you can use it for private messaging:

io.on("connection", socket => {  socket.on("private message", (anotherSocketId, msg) => {    socket.to(anotherSocketId).emit("private message", socket.id, msg);  });});

Note: you can't overwrite this identifier, as it is used in several parts of the Socket.IO codebase.

Socket#handshake

This object contains some details about the handshake that happens at the beginning of the Socket.IO session.

{  headers: /* the headers of the initial request */  query: /* the query params of the initial request */  auth: /* the authentication payload */  time: /* the date of creation (as string) */  issued: /* the date of creation (unix timestamp) */  url: /* the request URL string */  address: /* the ip of the client */  xdomain: /* whether the connection is cross-domain */  secure: /* whether the connection is secure */}

Example:

{  "headers": {    "user-agent": "xxxx",    "accept": "*/*",    "host": "example.com",    "connection": "close"  },  "query": {    "EIO": "4",    "transport": "polling",    "t": "NNjNltH"  },  "auth": {    "token": "123"  },  "time": "Sun Nov 22 2020 01:33:46 GMT+0100 (Central European Standard Time)",  "issued": 1606005226969,  "url": "/socket.io/?EIO=4&transport=polling&t=NNjNltH",  "address": "::ffff:1.2.3.4",  "xdomain": false,  "secure": true}

Socket#rooms

This is a reference to the rooms the Socket is currently in.

io.on("connection", (socket) => {  console.log(socket.rooms); // Set { <socket.id> }  socket.join("room1");  console.log(socket.rooms); // Set { <socket.id>, "room1" }});

Socket#data

An arbitrary object that can be used in conjunction with the fetchSockets() utility method:

// server Aio.on("connection", (socket) => {  socket.data.username = "alice";});
// server Bconst sockets = await io.fetchSockets();console.log(sockets[0].data.username); // "alice"

More information here.

Socket#conn

A reference to the underlying Engine.IO socket (see here).

io.on("connection", (socket) => {  console.log("initial transport", socket.conn.transport.name); // prints "polling"
  socket.conn.once("upgrade", () => {    // called when the transport is upgraded (i.e. from HTTP long-polling to WebSocket)    console.log("upgraded transport", socket.conn.transport.name); // prints "websocket"  });
  socket.conn.on("packet", ({ type, data }) => {    // called for each packet received  });
  socket.conn.on("packetCreate", ({ type, data }) => {    // called for each packet sent  });
  socket.conn.on("drain", () => {    // called when the write buffer is drained  });
  socket.conn.on("close", (reason) => {    // called when the underlying connection is closed  });});

Additional attributes

As long as you do not overwrite any existing attribute, you can attach any attribute to the Socket instance and use it later:

// in a middlewareio.use(async (socket, next) => {  try {    const user = await fetchUser(socket);    socket.user = user;  } catch (e) {    next(new Error("unknown user"));  }});
io.on("connection", (socket) => {  console.log(socket.user);
  // in a listener  socket.on("set username", (username) => {    socket.username = username;  });});

Socket middlewares

Those middlewares looks a lot like the usual middlewares, except that they are called for each incoming packet:

socket.use(([event, ...args], next) => {  // do something with the packet (logging, authorization, rate limiting...)  // do not forget to call next() at the end  next();});

The next method can also be called with an error object. In that case, the event will not reach the registered event handlers and an error event will be emitted instead:

io.on("connection", (socket) => {  socket.use(([event, ...args], next) => {    if (isUnauthorized(event)) {      return next(new Error("unauthorized event"));    }    next();  });
  socket.on("error", (err) => {    if (err && err.message === "unauthorized event") {      socket.disconnect();    }  });});

Note: this feature only exists on the server-side. For the client-side, you might be interested in catch-all listeners.

Events

On the server-side, the Socket instance emits two special events:

• disconnect
• disconnecting

disconnect

This event is fired by the Socket instance upon disconnection.

io.on("connection", (socket) => {  socket.on("disconnect", (reason) => {    // ...  });});

Here is the list of possible reasons:

Reason	Description
server namespace disconnect	The socket was forcefully disconnected with socket.disconnect
client namespace disconnect	The client has manually disconnected the socket using socket.disconnect()
server shutting down	The server is, well, shutting down
ping timeout	The client did not send a PONG packet in the pingTimeout delay
transport close	The connection was closed (example: the user has lost connection, or the network was changed from WiFi to 4G)
transport error	The connection has encountered an error

disconnecting

This event is similar to disconnect but is fired a bit earlier, when the Socket#rooms set is not empty yet

io.on("connection", (socket) => {  socket.on("disconnecting", (reason) => {    for (const room of socket.rooms) {      if (room !== socket.id) {        socket.to(room).emit("user has left", socket.id);      }    }  });});

Note: those events, along with connect, connect_error, newListener and removeListener, are special events that shouldn't be used in your application:

// BAD, will throw an errorsocket.emit("disconnect");

Complete API

The complete API exposed by the Socket instance can be found here.